16.1 Fundamentals
Mechanical, thermal and volumetric efficiencies;
Operating principles — 2 stroke, 4 stroke, Otto and Diesel;
Piston displacement and compression ratio;
Engine configuration and firing order.
16.2 Engine Performance
Power calculation and measurement;
Factors affecting engine power;
Mixtures/leaning, pre-ignition.
16.3 Engine Construction
Crank case, crank shaft, cam shafts, sumps;
Accessory gearbox;
Cylinder and piston assemblies;
Connecting rods, inlet and exhaust manifolds;
Valve mechanisms;
Propeller reduction gearboxes.
16.4 Engine Fuel Systems
16.4.1 Carburettors
Types, construction and principles of operation;
Icing and heating.
16.4.2 Fuel injection systems
Types, construction and principles of operation.
16.4.3 Electronic engine control
Operation of engine control and fuel metering systems
including electronic engine control (FADEC);
Systems lay-out and components.
16.5 Starting and Ignition Systems
Starting systems, pre-heat systems;
Magneto types, construction and principles of operation;
Ignition harnesses, spark plugs;
Low and high tension systems.
16.6 Induction, Exhaust and Cooling Systems
Construction and operation of: induction systems including alternate air systems;
Exhaust systems, engine cooling systems — air and liquid.
16.7 Supercharging/Turbocharging
Principles and purpose of supercharging and its effects on engine parameters;
Construction and operation of supercharging/turbocharging systems;
System terminology;
Control systems;
System protection
16.8 Lubricants and Fuels
Properties and specifications;
Fuel additives;
Safety precautions.
16.9 Lubrication Systems
System operation/lay-out and components.
16.10 Engine Indication Systems
Engine speed;
Cylinder head temperature;
Coolant temperature;
Oil pressure and temperature;
Exhaust Gas Temperature;
Fuel pressure and flow;
Manifold pressure.
16.11 Powerplant Installation
Configuration of firewalls, cowlings, acoustic panels, engine mounts, anti-vibration mounts, hoses, pipes, feeders, connectors, wiring looms, control cables and rods, lifting points and drains.
16.12 Engine Monitoring and Ground Operation
Procedures for starting and ground run-up;
Interpretation of engine power output and parameters;
Inspection of engine and components: criteria, tolerances,
and data specified by engine manufacturer.
16.13 Engine Storage and Preservation
Preservation and depreservation for the engine and accessories/
systems